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Internal PIC voltage reference introduction
 

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"PIC register DAC controls"

To find out if you can use the PIC's internal voltage reference DAC just check the data sheet for your device and look for the CVRCON control register.  There should be a control bit labeled CVROE which is the bit that controls whether the  voltage is sent to the output pin (usually on RA2).

Here's part of the 16F88 datasheet:

CVRCON voltage reference output control - 16F88

Here bit 6 controls output of the voltage reference to a pin (For the 16F88 this is the "RA2/AN2/CVREF/VREF-" pin i.e. pin 1).

Note If you can only find a control register labeled VRCON then you can't output the DAC voltage.

Voltage Reference block diagram

The block diagram of the generator is the internal hardware representation of the system - you can identify each control bit with each functional block so it's not difficult to understand.

16F88 voltage reference block diagram
Voltage reference block diagram 16F88

There is a 16 stage resistor network with each arm selected using an analogue mux (CVR[3..0]- this sends an analogue voltage to the comparator reference input (see the "Comparator Module" in the datasheet for using the reference voltage in the comparator).

To turn on the voltage reference CVREN enables the Fet at the top of the resistor chain.  CVRR changes the total current through the resistor chain so the range of output voltage is controllable (to some extent).

To send the analogue voltage outside the chip CVROE enables an analogue switch sending the voltage to the 'RA2/AN2/CVREF/VREF' pin.


Configuring the PIC pin for voltage output
 
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