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Electrolytic capacitors
Electrolytic capacitors use a liquid electrolyte to provide the capacitive dielectric and they are extremey sensitive to having their polarity reversed - they will be damaged if you put them the wrong way round and may EXPLODE!Note: Always put positive volts on the (+) and negative volts on the (-) of the electrolytic capacitor!!
Tolerance
One problem with them is that you can not rely on their stated value as they tend to have very wide tolerance ranges - for smaller types you will find a ±20% tolerance i.e. the actual capacitance could be 1.2 times the state value or 0.8 times the stated value!Large values available
The great advantage they have is that they give you very large capacitance values which you can not get with any other techniques (except very new technoliges).The other alternative is to use Tantalum capacitors (and these also provide high capacitance values) but lots of firms I have worked in tend not to use them as they have high inrush current and are seen as unreliable - then again other firms seem quite happy to use them - it's all based on their experiences of using them.
Ripple current
For A.C. applications you are constantly charging the electrolyte one way and then the other which causes a heating effect so the maximum ripple current is stated to keep within acceptable limits. This is more often useful in power supply applications and audio applications where high currents are used.Here's a selection of bargain capacitors you can find on ebay:
Just select the item you want and start bidding.
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